These are small to large-sized raptors that can be conveniently separated into four sub-groups, namely Osprey, Harrier, Accipiters, and Buteos. This is the largest group accounting for 18 species of North American birds of prey.
The OSPREY is not often found far from water. It appears nearly as large as an eagle but the long crooked wings are distinctive. For this reason, it often resembles a gull in flight. The Osprey's tail is longer than its head and its legs are long. It is most often seen hovering over water, on rapidly beating wings, then plunging directly into the water after fish. Its outer toes are reversible and rough pads on its feet allow it to hold onto slippery fish. Only one species of Osprey occurs throughout the world!
The HARRIER is a medium-sized raptor that is very slim with a very long tail. It holds its long, round-tipped wings in a dihedral or "V" profile and often rocks back and forth in flight. The head appears small and it always shows a white rump when it flies. Only the Northern Harrier occurs in North America.
The ACCIPITERS are woodlands hawks that have short, rounded wings and long tails. Their bodies are slim and stream-lined and their heads are small. In flight, they often flap quickly with three or four rapid wingbeats then glide. Three species, the Sharp-shinned Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, and Northern Goshawk reside in North America.
The BUTEOS are essentially medium to large-sized soaring hawks that inhabit woodland or open country. They appear bulky, or heavy-set, and can soar for long periods without beating their wings. The wings are usually long and broad and the tail appears broad and rounded whether the bird is perched or flying. When perched, the wingtips usually reach the tip of the tail. About one-third of all raptors (13 species) in North America belong to this group. These include the Common Black-Hawk, Harris' Hawk, Gray Hawk, Roadside Hawk, Red-shouldered Hawk, Broad-winged Hawk, Short-tailed Hawk, Swainson's Hawk, White-tailed Hawk, Zone-tailed Hawk, Red-tailed Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, and Rough-legged Hawk.
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